Monthly Highlights & Statistics

1.19.6 Banking System: Household Loan/Financing by Purpose

Definition:
Purchase of Securities refers to loans/financing granted to finance both primary and secondary market purchases of securities. Include loans granted to substitute for another loan granted previously by another party for the purchase of securities.

Purchase of Passenger Cars refers to loans/financing for the purchase of motor vehicles which are used primarily to carry a limited number of people, and includes multipurpose vehicles fitted to carry passengers (and not goods) but excluding buses and minibuses.

Purchase of Residential Property refers to loans/financing granted for the purchase or refinancing the purchase of residential property for human dwelling purposes, of which including housing loans/financing sold to Cagamas with recourse, which were classified to RM300, 000 and below, RM300, 001– RM500, 000, RM500,001–RM1,000,000, and more than RM1,000,000.

Purchase of Non-Residential Property refers to loans/financing granted for the purchase and refinancing of the purchase of non-residential property. Non-residential means property, which are not used for human dwelling purposes. It includes industrial buildings, factories, land, commercial complexes, warehouses, Small office/Flexible office (SoFo), Small office/Versatile office (SoVo) and other structures not meant for human dwelling.

Personal Uses refers to loans/financing granted to individuals only for private use, including purchase of consumer durables goods. This excludes loans/financing to individuals to purchase securities, land and building, and other fixed assets.

Credit Cards refers to outstanding credit extended to customers using credit/charge cards issued by a reporting institution and includes cash withdrawals through such cards.

Other Purposes refers to purpose which is not classified elsewhere in class or sub-classes under purpose. This includes loans/financing for purpose of mergers and acquisition and further on-lending.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans/financing sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope:
Data are reported by the banking system consisting of commercial banks, Islamic banks and investment banks.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.21 Banking System: Total Loan/Financing by Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards 9 (MFRS 9) Stages and Total Provisions

Definition:

12 Months Expected Credit Losses (Stage 1) refers to the portion of lifetime expected credit losses that represent the expected credit losses that result from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date.

Lifetime Expected Credit Losses Not Credit Impaired (Stage 2) refers to the expected credit losses on non-impaired financial instruments that result from all possible default events over the expected life of the financial instrument.

Lifetime Expected Credit Losses Credit Impaired (Stage 3) refers to the expected credit losses on impaired financial instruments that result from all possible default events over the expected life of the financial instrument. This includes purchased or originated credit-impaired financial asset (POCI).

Total provisions refer to all loss allowance made for the loan/financing as defined under the MFRS 9.

Ratio of Gross Impaired Loan/Financing to Gross Total Financing refers to the loan/financing amount under Lifetime Expected Credit Losses (ECL) Credit Impaired over the total amount of outstanding gross loans/financing.

Ratio of Net Impaired Loan/Financing to Net Total Loan/Financing refers to the loan/financing amount of Lifetime ECL Credit Impaired, net of Lifetime ECL Credit Impaired Provisions as a proportion of outstanding gross loans/financing, net of Lifetime ECL Credit Impaired Provisions.

Compilation methodology:
Data compilation and interpretation are aligned with MFRS 9 classification of exposure.

Data scope:
Data are reported by banking system consisting of commercial banks, Islamic banks and investment banks.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.21.1 Islamic Banking System: Total Financing by MFRS 9 Stages and Total Provisions

Definition:

12 Months Expected Credit Losses (Stage 1) refers to the portion of lifetime expected credit losses that represent the expected credit losses that result from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date.

Lifetime Expected Credit Losses Not Credit Impaired (Stage 2) refers to the expected credit losses on non-impaired financial instruments that result from all possible default events over the expected life of the financial instrument.

Lifetime Expected Credit Losses Credit Impaired (Stage 3) refers to the expected credit losses on impaired financial instruments that result from all possible default events over the expected life of the financial instrument. This includes purchased or originated credit-impaired financial asset (POCI).

Total provisions refer to all loss allowance made for the financing as defined under the MFRS 9.

Ratio of Gross Impaired Financing to Gross Total Financing refers to the financing amount under Lifetime Expected Credit Losses (ECL) Credit Impaired over the total amount of outstanding gross financing.

Ratio of Net Impaired Financing to Net Total Financing refers to the financing amount of Lifetime ECL Credit Impaired, net of Lifetime ECL Credit Impaired Provisions as a proportion of outstanding gross financing, net of Lifetime ECL Credit Impaired Provisions.

Compilation methodology:
Data compilation and interpretation are aligned with MFRS 9 classification of exposure.

Data scope:
Data are reported by banking system consisting of commercial banks, Islamic banks and investment banks.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.30.1 Debit Card Transactions

Definition:

Debit Card refers to a type of payment card which enables the holder to charge purchases directly to their account at a financial institution. The funds are debited in full for every transaction.

Total Purchases refer to any transaction involving the acquisition of goods and services in exchange for payment.

Total Cash Withdrawals via POS Terminal refer to cash withdrawals made at point-of-sales terminals using debit cards.

Total Fund Transfer refer to the movement of funds from the cardholder's account to another party through automated teller machines.

Total Cash Withdrawals via ATM refer to cash withdrawals made through Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) using any payment cards issued or cardless methods provisioned by the reporting institution during the reporting month. Exclude cash withdrawal (cash advance) from credit card accounts.

Transactions In Malaysia refer to transactions made either at (i) merchants based in Malaysia (online & offline) or (ii) ATMs in Malaysia.

Transactions Abroad refer to transactions made either at (i) merchants outside Malaysia (online & offline) or (ii) ATMs outside Malaysia.

Data Scope:
Data are reported by domestic financial institutions which issue payment card instruments, comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks and development financial institutions. The data represent transactions from cards issued by domestic financial institution (local cardholder).

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

3.6.19 Banking System: Cross-Border Position vis-à-vis Non-Resident by Counterparty Sector and Instrument (Labuan As Resident)

Definition:

Non-resident Banking Sector comprises central banks, related bank offices and unrelated banks.

Non-resident Non-bank Sector comprises non-bank financial institutions, nonfinancial corporations, general government, households and non-profit institutions serving households.

Others instrument comprises equity capital, retained earnings, equity securities, financial derivatives and miscellaneous.

Compilation methodology:
Data compilation and interpretation are aligned with the international standards, as outlined by the International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, sixth edition and Bank for International Settlements (BIS)'s reporting guidelines for international banking statistics.

Data Scope:
Data are reported by banking system consisting of commercial banks, Islamic banks and investment banks.

Conversion to unit of account:
Data are reported in the original currencies and the foreign amount is converted Ringgit Malaysia at the end-quarter rate of the period.

Valuation:
The stocks of external financial assets and liabilities are valued based on the book value, or in some cases, the par value.

Revision Policy: Revision is made for the previous year (t–1) and previous two-year (t-2) data during data publication of first quarter of the current year (t). The data will be marked based on its status as below:

• Preliminary data: symbol (p)
• Revised data: symbol (r)
• Final data: symbol (f) or none

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
Data Periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter

4.2 Insurance: Assets and Liabilities of Malaysian-Incorporated Insurers

Definition:

Property, Plant and Equipment comprise self- occupied properties and other property, plant and equipment.
 
Loans comprise policy loans, other secured loans, staff loans and unsecured loans.

Investments comprise Malaysian Government securities and bills, Malaysian Government guaranteed loans, corporate/debt securities, derivative financial assets and other investments.

Investment Properties refer to property held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both.

Cash and Deposits comprise fixed deposits/money market, cash and bank balances.

Foreign Assets refer to investments in a foreign jurisdiction and includes securities, bills and certificates or any papers issued or guaranteed by the Malaysian Federal Government or issued by any other entity established in Malaysia, but which are denominated in a foreign currency and/or issued and traded in a foreign jurisdiction.

Other Assets comprise outstanding premiums and agents' balances, amount due from reinsurers/ceding companies, reinsurance deposits, interest, dividends, rent receivables and sundry debtors and other assets.

Compilation Methodology:
Data compilation is aligned with applicable approved accounting standards issued by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) and other standards specified by the Bank.

Valuation:
Data valuation is aligned with approved accounting standards and other standards specified by the Bank.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by Malaysian-incorporated insurers.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter.

4.3 Takaful: Assets and Liabilities of Malaysian-Incorporated Direct Takaful Operators

Definition:

Property, Plant and Equipment comprise self-occupied properties and other property, plant and equipment.
 
Financing comprises secured financing, staff financing and unsecured financing.

Investments comprise Government Islamic securities and bills, Malaysian Government guaranteed financing, Islamic debt securities/ Shariah-approved shares, investment in other linked fund of the takaful company and other investments.

Investment Properties refer to the property held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both.

Cash and Deposits comprise investment accounts/Islamic money market, cash and bank balances.

Foreign Assets refer to Islamic investments in a foreign jurisdiction and includes securities, bills and certificates or any papers issued or guaranteed by the Malaysian Federal Government or issued by any other entity established in Malaysia, but which are denominated in a foreign currency and/or issued and traded in a foreign jurisdiction.

Other Assets comprise outstanding contributions and agents' balances, amount due from retakaful companies/ceding companies, retakaful deposits, profit, dividends, rent receivables and sundry debtors and other assets.

Compilation Methodology:
Data compilation is aligned with applicable approved accounting standards issued by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) and other standards specified by the Bank.

Valuation:
Data valuation is aligned with approved accounting standards and other standards specified by the Bank.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by Malaysian-incorporated direct takaful operators.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter.

4.4 Insurance: Capital Adequacy Ratio

Definition:

Capital Adequacy Ratio refers to ratio of total capital available to total capital required.

Compilation Methodology:
Data compilation is aligned with Risk-Based Capital Framework (RBC), as outlined by Bank Negara Malaysia. This serves as a key indicator of the licensed insurer’s financial resilience and will be used as input to determine supervisory interventions by the Bank.

Valuation:
Data valuation is aligned with approved accounting standards and other standards specified by the Bank.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by direct takaful operators.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter.

4.5 Takaful: Capital Adequacy Ratio

Definition:

Capital Adequacy Ratio refers to ratio of total capital available to total capital required.

Compilation Methodology:
Data compilation is aligned with Risk-Based Capital Framework for Takaful Operators (RBCT), as outlined by Bank Negara Malaysia. This serves as a key indicator of the licensed takaful operator’s financial resilience and will be used as input to determine supervisory interventions by the Bank.

Valuation:
Data valuation is aligned with approved accounting standards and other standards specified by the Bank.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by direct takaful operators.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter.

4.7.1 General Insurance: Distribution of Gross Direct Premiums

Definition:

Premiums/Contributions refer to the monetary consideration payable once or periodically by a policyholder or certificate holder to an insurer or takaful operator in return for the insurance/takaful coverage provided.

Compilation Methodology:
Premiums is reported based on Original Gross Rate (OGR) without any deduction for commission or brokerage.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by direct insurers.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter.

4.7.3 General Insurance: Combined Direct Insurers and Professional Reinsurers Net Retention Ratio

Definition:

Retention Ratio refers to the ratio of net premiums/contributions to gross premiums/ contributions.

Compilation Methodology:
The retention ratio is calculated based on percentage of net premiums to gross direct and reinsurance accepted premiums less reinsurances ceded.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by direct insurers and professional reinsurers.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter.

4.7.4 General Insurance: Net Retention Ratio for Direct Insurers

Definition:

Retention Ratio refers to the ratio of net premiums/contributions to gross premiums/ contributions.

Compilation Methodology:
The retention ratio is calculated based on percentage of net premium to gross direct and reinsurances accepted premiums less reinsurance ceded.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by direct insurers.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter.

4.7.5 General Insurance: Net Retention Ratio for Professional Reinsurers

Definition:

Retention Ratio refers to the ratio of net premiums/contributions to gross   premiums/ contributions.

Compilation Methodology:
The retention ratio is calculated based on percentage of net premiums to reinsurances accepted premiums.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by professional reinsurers.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter

4.7.15 General Insurance: Gross Claims Paid for Direct Business

Definition:

Claims referto notifications to an insurer or takaful operator that payment of an amount is due under the terms of the policy/certificate.

Compilation Methodology:
Gross claims paid include direct claims expenses such as adjuster’s fees, legal expenses and investigation expenses.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by direct insurers.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter

4.7.19 General Insurance: Net Claims Paid

Definition:

Claims refer to notifications to an insurer or takaful operator that payment of an amount is due under the terms of the policy/certificate.

Compilation Methodology:
Net claims paid is reported after deducting claims recoveries on reinsurances ceded.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by direct insurers and professional reinsurers.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter

4.9 General Takaful: Distribution of Gross Contributions of Direct Takaful Operators

Definition:

Premiums/Contributions refer to the monetary consideration payable once or periodically by a policyholder or certificate holder to an insurer or takaful operator in return for the insurance/takaful coverage provided.

Compilation Methodology:
Contribution is reported based on Original Gross Rate (OGR) without any deduction for commission or brokerage.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by direct takaful operators.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter

4.9.2 General Takaful: Domestic Retention of Direct Takaful Operators Business

Definition:

Retention Ratio refers to the ratio of net premiums/contributions to gross premiums /contributions.

Compilation Methodology:
The retention ratio is calculated based on percentage of net contributions to gross direct and retakaful accepted contributions less retakaful ceded.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by direct takaful operators.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter

4.9.3 General Takaful: Gross Claims Paid of Direct Takaful Operators

Definition:

Claims refer to notifications to an insurer or takaful operator that payment of an amount is due under the terms of the policy/certificate.

Compilation Methodology:
Gross claims paid includes direct claims expenses such as adjuster’s fees, legal expenses and investigation expenses.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by direct takaful operators.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter

4.9.4 General Takaful: Net Claims Paid of Direct Takaful Operators

Definition:

Claims refer to notifications to an insurer or takaful operator that payment of an amount is due under the terms of the policy/certificate.

Compilation Methodology:
Net claims paid is reported after deducting claims recoveries on retakaful ceded.

Data Scope:
The data are reported by direct takaful operators.

Revision Policy:
Revision is made for the last two preceding years (t-2) until previous quarter of current year.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Quarterly
Release schedule: 2 months after end of reporting quarter

1.19 Banking System: Loan/Financing by Purpose

Definition:

Purchase of Securities refers to loans/financing granted to finance both primary and secondary market purchases of securities. Include loans granted to substitute for another loan granted previously by another party for the purchase of securities.

Purchase of Fixed Assets Other Than Land and Building refers to the purchase of fixed assets, other than land and building that are used/to be used for the business activity of the borrower. The category includes machinery and equipment for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, or for sale in the ordinary course of business, or for rental to others.

Purchase of Transport Vehicles refers to loans/financing granted for the purposes of financing the purchases of motor vehicles for transportation of goods and/or passengers.

Purchase of Passenger Cars refers to loans/financing for the purchase of motor vehicles which are used primarily to carry a limited number of people, and includes multipurpose vehicles fitted to carry passengers (and not goods) but excluding buses and minibuses.

Purchase of Residential Property refers to loans/financing granted for the purchase or refinancing the purchase of residential property for human dwelling purposes, of which including housing loans/financing sold to Cagamas with recourse, which were classified to RM300, 000 and below, RM300, 001– RM500, 000, RM500,001–RM1,000,000, and more than RM1,000,000.

Purchase of Non-Residential Property refers to loans/financing granted for the purchase and refinancing of the purchase of non- residential property. Non-residential means property, which are not used for human dwelling purposes. It includes industrial buildings, factories, land, commercial complexes, warehouses, Small office/Flexible office (SoFo), Small office/Versatile office (SoVo) and other structures not meant for human dwelling.

Personal Uses refers to loans/financing granted to individuals only for private use, exclude loans/financing to individuals to purchase securities, land and building and other fixed assets.

Purchase of Consumer Durables Goods refers to loans/financing granted for the acquisition of consumer durable goods such as household appliances for individual private use.

Credit Cards refers to outstanding credit extended to customers using credit/charge cards issued by a reporting institution and includes cash withdrawals through such cards.

Construction refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in general contracting including civil engineering work, special contracting work, construction of industrial buildings and factories, construction of infrastructure, commercial complexes, residential dwellings, and other construction activity.

Working Capital refers to loans/financing granted for use by a business to facilitate its daily business undertakings/transactions (for example: operating expenses, purchasing inventory, receivables financing) and is generally not for the purpose of financing the purchase of long-term assets or investments.

Other Purposes refers to purpose which is not classified elsewhere in class or sub-classes under purpose. This includes loans/financing for purpose of mergers and acquisition and further on-lending.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans/financing sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope:
Data are reported by the banking system consisting of commercial banks, Islamic banks and investment banks.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.18.3 Banking System: Loan/Financing by Location

Definition:

Inside Malaysia refers to the location of loan utilisation where the proceeds of the loan/financing are utilised within the geographical boundaries of Malaysia, which includes its thirteen (13) states and three (3) federal territories. Peninsular Malaysia comprises the states of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Perlis, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, and Terengganu. The three federal territories are Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya and Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan.

Outside Malaysia refers to the location of loan utilisation where the proceeds of the loan/financing are utilised outside the geographical boundaries of Malaysia, excluding its thirteen (13) states and three (3) federal territories.

Total Loan/Financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans/financing sold to Cagamas. The sub-total amount may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope:
Data are reported by commercial banks, Islamic banks and investment banks.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.22 Banking System: Impaired Loan/Financing by Purpose

Definition:

Purchase of Securities refers to loans/financing granted to finance both primary and secondary market purchases of securities. Include loans granted to substitute for another loan granted previously by another party for the purchase of securities.

Purchase of Fixed Assets Other Than Land and Building refers to the purchase of fixed assets, other than land and building that are used/to be used for the business activity of the borrower. The category includes machinery and equipment for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, or for sale in the ordinary course of business, or for rental to others.

Purchase of Transport Vehicles refers to loans/financing granted for the purposes of financing the purchases of motor vehicles for transportation of goods and/or passengers.

Purchase of Passenger Cars refers to loans/financing for the purchase of motor vehicles which are used primarily to carry a limited number of people, and includes multipurpose vehicles fitted to carry passengers (and not goods) but excluding buses and minibuses.

Purchase of Residential Property refers to loans/financing granted for the purchase or efinancing the purchase of residential property for human dwelling purposes, of which including housing loans/financing sold to Cagamas with recourse, which were classified to RM300, 000 and below, RM300, 001– RM500, 000, RM500,001–RM1,000,000, and more than RM1,000,000.

Purchase of Non-Residential Property refers to loans/financing granted for the purchase and refinancing of the purchase of non- residential property. Non-residential means property, which are not used for human dwelling purposes. It includes industrial buildings, factories, land, commercial complexes, warehouses, Small office/Flexible office (SoFo), Small office/Versatile office (SoVo) and other structures not meant for human dwelling.

Personal Uses refers to loans/financing granted to individuals only for private use, exclude loans/financing to individuals to purchase securities, land and building and other fixed assets.

Purchase of Consumer Durables Goods refers to loans/financing granted for the acquisition of consumer durable goods such as household appliances for individual private use.

Credit Cards refers to outstanding credit extended to customers using credit/charge cards issued by a reporting institution and includes cash withdrawals through such cards.

Construction refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in general contracting including civil engineering work, special contracting work, construction of industrial buildings and factories, construction of infrastructure, commercial complexes, residential dwellings, and other construction activity.

Working Capital refers to loans/financing granted for use by a business to facilitate its daily business undertakings/transactions (for example: operating expenses, purchasing inventory, receivables financing) and is generally not for the purpose of financing the purchase of long-term assets or investments.

Other Purposes refers to purpose which is not classified elsewhere in class or sub-classes under purpose. This includes loans/financing for purpose of mergers and acquisition and further on-lending.

Total Impaired loans/financing refers to impaired outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans/financing sold to Cagamas. This includes purchased or originated credit-impaired financial asset (POCI). Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope:
Data are reported by the banking system consisting of commercial banks, Islamic banks and investment banks.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data scope: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.33 Financial Institution: SME Loan/Financing by Sector

Definition:

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for cultivation of crops, livestock farming, timber extraction, forest management, poultry, farming, fishing and agricultural services.

Mining and Quarrying refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for coal mining, crude petroleum and natural gas production, metal ore mining and quarrying.

Manufacturing refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for manufacturing of a multitude of goods, including processing of food, rubber, palm oil, etc., manufacture of wearing apparel, leather goods, wood and wood products, paper and paper products, printing, publishing, manufacture of chemical and chemical products, petroleum, coal, rubber and plastic products, manufacture of iron and steel products, manufacture of fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment, etc.

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for operation of electric and gas utilities, which generate, control and distribute electric power or gas. Also included is the provision of steam and air-conditioning supply and excluded the operation of water and sewerage utilities and (typically long-distance) transport of gas through pipelines.

Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activitiesrefer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for activities related to the management (including collection, treatment and disposal) of various forms of waste. The output of the waste or sewage treatment process can either be disposed of or become an input into other production processes. Activities of water supply are also grouped in this section.

Construction refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for general construction and specialized construction activities for buildings and civil engineering works. This section also includes the development of building projects for buildings or civil engineering works by bringing together inancial, technical and physical means to realize the construction projects for later sale. If these activities are carried out not for later sale of the construction projects, but for their operation (e.g. renting of space in these buildings, manufacturing activities in these plants), the unit would not be classified here, but according to its operational activity, i.e. real estate, manufacturing, etc.

Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for wholesale and retail sale (i.e. sale without transformation) of any type of goods, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. Wholesaling and retailing are the final steps in the distribution of merchandise. Also included in this section are the repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.

Accommodation and Food Service Activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of short-stay accommodation for visitors and other travellers and the provision of complete meals and drinks fit for immediate consumption.

Transportation and Storage refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of passenger or freight transport by rail, pipeline, road, water or air and associated activities such as terminal and parking facilities, cargo handling, storage, etc., including renting of transport equipment with driver or operator. Also included are postal and courier activities.

Information and Communication refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for production and distribution of information and cultural products, the provision of the means to transmit or distribute these products, as well as data or communications, information technology activities and the processing of data and other information service activities.

Financial and Insurance/Takaful Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for financial service activities, including insurance, reinsurance, takaful, retakaful and pension funding activities, and activities to support financial services. Also includes the activities of holding assets, such as activities of holding companies and the activities of trusts, funds and similar financial entities.

Real Estate activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of selling or buying real estate, renting real estate, providing other real estate by acting as lessors, agents, brokers, or property managers. Activities in this section may be carried out on own or leased property and may be done on a fee or contract basis. Also included is the building of structures, combined with maintaining ownership or leasing of such structures.

Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of specialized professional, scientific and technical activities. These activities require a high degree of training and make specialized knowledge and skills available to users, including legal and accounting activities, activities of head offices, management consultancy activities, architecture and engineering activities, technical testing and analysis, scientific research and development, advertising and market.

Administrative and Support Service Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers that support general business operations, including rental and leasing activities, employment activities, travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service activities, security and investigation activities, services to buildings and landscape activities, office administrative, office support and other business support activities.

Education, Health and Others refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of public administration and defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities; activities of households as employers of domestic personnel and undifferentiated goods and services-producing activity of private households for own use; and activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies.

Other Sector refers to sector which is not classified elsewhere in class or sub-classes under sector. Also includes loans to individual businesses.

Total Loans/Financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope: Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology: The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions. Currency: Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions. Revision Policy: Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia

Data periodicity: Monthly

Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.33.1 Financial Institution: SME Loan/Financing Applied by Sector

Definition: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for cultivation of crops, livestock farming, timber extraction, forest management, poultry, farming, fishing and agricultural services.

Mining and Quarrying refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for coal mining, crude petroleum and natural gas production, metal ore mining and quarrying.

Manufacturing refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for manufacturing of a multitude of goods, including processing of food, rubber, palm oil, etc., manufacture of wearing apparel, leather goods, wood and wood products, paper and paper products, printing, publishing, manufacture of chemical and chemical products, petroleum, coal, rubber and plastic products, manufacture of iron and steel products, manufacture of fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment, etc.

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for operation of electric and gas utilities, which generate, control and distribute electric power or gas. Also included is the provision of steam and air-conditioning supply and excluded the operation of water and sewerage utilities and (typically long-distance) transport of gas through pipelines.

Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for activities related to the management (including collection, treatment and disposal) of various forms of waste. The output of the waste or sewage treatment process can either be disposed of or become an input into other production processes. Activities of water supply are also grouped in this section.

Construction refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for general construction and specialized construction activities for buildings and civil engineering works. This section also includes the development of building projects for buildings or civil engineering works by bringing together financial, technical and physical means to realize the construction projects for later sale. If these activities are carried out not for later sale of the construction projects, but for their operation (e.g. renting of space in these buildings, manufacturing activities in these plants), the unit would not be classified here, but according to its operational activity, i.e. real estate, manufacturing, etc.

Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for wholesale and retail sale (i.e. sale without transformation) of any type of goods, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. Wholesaling and retailing are the final steps in the distribution of merchandise. Also included in this section are the repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.

Accommodation and Food Service Activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of short-stay accommodation for visitors and other travellers and the provision of complete meals and drinks fit for immediate consumption.

Transportation and Storage refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of passenger or freight transport by rail, pipeline, road, water or air and associated activities such as terminal and parking facilities, cargo handling, storage, etc., including renting of transport equipment with driver or operator. Also included are postal and courier activities.

Information and Communication refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for production and distribution of information and cultural products, the provision of the means to transmit or distribute these products, as well as data or communications, information technology activities and the processing of data and other information service activities.

Financial and Insurance/Takaful Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for financial service activities, including insurance, reinsurance, takaful, retakaful and pension funding activities, and activities to support financial services. Also includes the activities of holding assets, such as activities of holding companies and the activities of trusts, funds and similar financial entities.

Real Estate activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of selling or buying real estate, renting real estate, providing other real estate by acting as lessors, agents, brokers, or property managers. Activities in this section may be carried out on own or leased property and may be done on a fee or contract basis. Also included is the building of structures, combined with maintaining ownership or leasing of such structures.

Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of specialized professional, scientific and technical activities. These activities require a high degree of training and make specialized knowledge and skills available to users, including legal and accounting activities, activities of head offices, management consultancy activities, architecture and engineering activities, technical testing and analysis, scientific research and development, advertising and market.

Administrative and Support Service Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers that support general business operations, including rental and leasing activities, employment activities, travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service activities, security and investigation activities, services to buildings and landscape activities, office administrative, office support and other business support activities.

Education, Health and Others refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of public administration and defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities; activities of households as employers of domestic personnel and undifferentiated goods and services-producing activity of private households for own use; and activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies.

Other Sector refers to sector which is not classified elsewhere in class or sub-classes under sector. Also includes loans to individual businesses.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope: Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology: The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy: Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia

Data periodicity: Monthly

Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.33.2 Financial Institution: SME Loan/Financing Approved by Sector

Definition: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for cultivation of crops, livestock farming, timber extraction, forest management, poultry, farming, fishing and agricultural services.

Mining and Quarrying refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for coal mining, crude petroleum and natural gas production, metal ore mining and quarrying.

Manufacturing refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for manufacturing of a multitude of goods, including processing of food, rubber, palm oil, etc., manufacture of wearing apparel, leather goods, wood and wood products, paper and paper products, printing, publishing, manufacture of chemical and chemical products, petroleum, coal, rubber and plastic products, manufacture of iron and steel products, manufacture of fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment, etc.

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for operation of electric and gas utilities, which generate, control and distribute electric power or gas. Also included is the provision of steam and air-conditioning supply and excluded the operation of water and sewerage utilities and (typically long-distance) transport of gas through pipelines.

Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for activities related to the management (including collection, treatment and disposal) of various forms of waste. The output of the waste or sewage treatment process can either be disposed of or become an input into other production processes. Activities of water supply are also grouped in this section.

Construction refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for general construction and specialized construction activities for buildings and civil engineering works. This section also includes the development of building projects for buildings or civil engineering works by bringing together financial, technical and physical means to realize the construction projects for later sale. If these activities are carried out not for later sale of the construction projects, but for their operation (e.g. renting of space in these buildings, manufacturing activities in these plants), the unit would not be classified here, but according to its operational activity, i.e. real estate, manufacturing, etc.

Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for wholesale and retail sale (i.e. sale without transformation) of any type of goods, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. Wholesaling and retailing are the final steps in the distribution of merchandise. Also included in this section are the repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.

Accommodation and Food Service Activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of short-stay accommodation for visitors and other travellers and the provision of complete meals and drinks fit for immediate consumption.

Transportation and Storage refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of passenger or freight transport by rail, pipeline, road, water or air and associated activities such as terminal and parking facilities, cargo handling, storage, etc., including renting of transport equipment with driver or operator. Also included are postal and courier activities.

Information and Communication refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for production and distribution of information and cultural products, the provision of the means to transmit or distribute these products, as well as data or communications, information technology activities and the processing of data and other information service activities.

Financial and Insurance/Takaful Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for financial service activities, including insurance, reinsurance, takaful, retakaful and pension funding activities, and activities to support financial services. Also includes the activities of holding assets, such as activities of holding companies and the activities of trusts, funds and similar financial entities.

Real Estate activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of selling or buying real estate, renting real estate, providing other real estate by acting as lessors, agents, brokers, or property managers. Activities in this section may be carried out on own or leased property and may be done on a fee or contract basis. Also included is the building of structures, combined with maintaining ownership or leasing of such structures.

Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of specialized professional, scientific and technical activities. These activities require a high degree of training and make specialized knowledge and skills available to users, including legal and accounting activities, activities of head offices, management consultancy activities, architecture and engineering activities, technical testing and analysis, scientific research and development, advertising and market.

Administrative and Support Service Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers that support general business operations, including rental and leasing activities, employment activities, travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service activities, security and investigation activities, services to buildings and landscape activities, office administrative, office support and other business support activities.

Education, Health and Others refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of public administration and defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities; activities of households as employers of domestic personnel and undifferentiated goods and services-producing activity of private households for own use; and activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies.

Other Sector refers to sector which is not classified elsewhere in class or sub-classes under sector. Also includes loans to individual businesses.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope: Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology: The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy: Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia

Data periodicity: Monthly

Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.33.3 Financial Institution: SME Loan/Financing Disbursed by Sector

Definition:
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for cultivation of crops, livestock farming, timber extraction, forest management, poultry, farming, fishing and agricultural services.

Mining and Quarrying refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for coal mining, crude petroleum and natural gas production, metal ore mining and quarrying.

Manufacturing refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for manufacturing of a multitude of goods, including processing of food, rubber, palm oil, etc., manufacture of wearing apparel, leather goods, wood and wood products, paper and paper products, printing, publishing, manufacture of chemical and chemical products, petroleum, coal, rubber and plastic products, manufacture of iron and steel products, manufacture of fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment, etc.

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for operation of electric and gas utilities, which generate, control and distribute electric power or gas. Also included is the provision of steam and air-conditioning supply and excluded the operation of water and sewerage utilities and (typically long-distance) transport of gas through pipelines.

Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for activities related to the management (including collection, treatment and disposal) of various forms of waste. The output of the waste or sewage treatment process can either be disposed of or become an input into other production processes. Activities of water supply are also grouped in this section.

Construction refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for general construction and specialized construction activities for buildings and civil engineering works. This section also includes the development of building projects for buildings or civil engineering works by bringing together financial, technical and physical means to realize the construction projects for later sale. If these activities are carried out not for later sale of the construction projects, but for their operation (e.g. renting of space in these buildings, manufacturing activities in these plants), the unit would not be classified here, but according to its operational activity, i.e. real estate, manufacturing, etc.

Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for wholesale and retail sale (i.e. sale without transformation) of any type of goods, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. Wholesaling and retailing are the final steps in the distribution of merchandise. Also included in this section are the repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.

Accommodation and Food Service Activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of short-stay accommodation for visitors and other travellers and the provision of complete meals and drinks fit for immediate consumption.

Transportation and Storage refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of passenger or freight transport by rail, pipeline, road, water or air and associated activities such as terminal and parking facilities, cargo handling, storage, etc., including renting of transport equipment with driver or operator. Also included are postal and courier activities.

Information and Communication refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for production and distribution of information and cultural products, the provision of the means to transmit or distribute these products, as well as data or communications, information technology activities and the processing of data and other information service activities.

Financial and Insurance/Takaful Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for financial service activities, including insurance, reinsurance, takaful, retakaful and pension funding activities, and activities to support financial services. Also includes the activities of holding assets, such as activities of holding companies and the activities of trusts, funds and similar financial entities.

Real Estate activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of selling or buying real estate, renting real estate, providing other real estate by acting as lessors, agents, brokers, or property managers. Activities in this section may be carried out on own or leased property and may be done on a fee or contract basis. Also included is the building of structures, combined with maintaining ownership or leasing of such structures.

Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of specialized professional, scientific and technical activities. These activities require a high degree of training and make specialized knowledge and skills available to users, including legal and accounting activities, activities of head offices, management consultancy activities, architecture and engineering activities, technical testing and analysis, scientific research and development, advertising and market.

Administrative and Support Service Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers that support general business operations, including rental and leasing activities, employment activities, travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service activities, security and investigation activities, services to buildings and landscape activities, office administrative, office support and other business support activities.

Education, Health and Others refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of public administration and defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities; activities of households as employers of domestic personnel and undifferentiated goods and services-producing activity of private households for own use; and activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies.

Other Sector refers to sector which is not classified elsewhere in class or sub-classes under sector. Also includes loans to individual businesses.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope:
Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology:
The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia

Data periodicity: Monthly

Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.33.4 Financial Institution: SME Loan/Financing Repaid by Sector

Definition: 
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for cultivation of crops, livestock farming, timber extraction, forest management, poultry, farming, fishing and agricultural services.

Mining and Quarrying refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for coal mining, crude petroleum and natural gas production, metal ore mining and quarrying.

Manufacturing refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for manufacturing of a multitude of goods, including processing of food, rubber, palm oil, etc., manufacture of wearing apparel, leather goods, wood and wood products, paper and paper products, printing, publishing, manufacture of chemical and chemical products, petroleum, coal, rubber and plastic products, manufacture of iron and steel products, manufacture of fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment, etc.

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for operation of electric and gas utilities, which generate, control and distribute electric power or gas. Also included is the provision of steam and air-conditioning supply and excluded the operation of water and sewerage utilities and (typically long-distance) transport of gas through pipelines.

Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for activities related to the management (including collection, treatment and disposal) of various forms of waste. The output of the waste or sewage treatment process can either be disposed of or become an input into other production processes. Activities of water supply are also grouped in this section.

Construction refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for general construction and specialized construction activities for buildings and civil engineering works. This section also includes the development of building projects for buildings or civil engineering works by bringing together financial, technical and physical means to realize the construction projects for later sale. If these activities are carried out not for later sale of the construction projects, but for their operation (e.g. renting of space in these buildings, manufacturing activities in these plants), the unit would not be classified here, but according to its operational activity, i.e. real estate, manufacturing, etc.

Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for wholesale and retail sale (i.e. sale without transformation) of any type of goods, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. Wholesaling and retailing are the final steps in the distribution of merchandise. Also included in this section are the repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.

Accommodation and Food Service Activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of short-stay accommodation for visitors and other travellers and the provision of complete meals and drinks fit for immediate consumption.

Transportation and Storage refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of passenger or freight transport by rail, pipeline, road, water or air and associated activities such as terminal and parking facilities, cargo handling, storage, etc., including renting of transport equipment with driver or operator. Also included are postal and courier activities.

Information and Communication refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for production and distribution of information and cultural products, the provision of the means to transmit or distribute these products, as well as data or communications, information technology activities and the processing of data and other information service activities.

Financial and Insurance/Takaful Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for financial service activities, including insurance, reinsurance, takaful, retakaful and pension funding activities, and activities to support financial services. Also includes the activities of holding assets, such as activities of holding companies and the activities of trusts, funds and similar financial entities.

Real Estate activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of selling or buying real estate, renting real estate, providing other real estate by acting as lessors, agents, brokers, or property managers. Activities in this section may be carried out on own or leased property and may be done on a fee or contract basis. Also included is the building of structures, combined with maintaining ownership or leasing of such structures.

Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of specialized professional, scientific and technical activities. These activities require a high degree of training and make specialized knowledge and skills available to users, including legal and accounting activities, activities of head offices, management consultancy activities, architecture and engineering activities, technical testing and analysis, scientific research and development, advertising and market.

Administrative and Support Service Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers that support general business operations, including rental and leasing activities, employment activities, travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service activities, security and investigation activities, services to buildings and landscape activities, office administrative, office support and other business support activities.

Education, Health and Others refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of public administration and defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities; activities of households as employers of domestic personnel and undifferentiated goods and services-producing activity of private households for own use; and activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies.

Other Sector refers to sector which is not classified elsewhere in class or sub-classes under sector. Also includes loans to individual businesses.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope:
Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology:
The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:

Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.33.5 Financial Institution: Impaired SME Loan/Financing by Sector

Definition:
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for cultivation of crops, livestock farming, timber extraction, forest management, poultry, farming, fishing and agricultural services.

Mining and Quarrying refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for coal mining, crude petroleum and natural gas production, metal ore mining and quarrying.

Manufacturing refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for manufacturing of a multitude of goods, including processing of food, rubber, palm oil, etc., manufacture of wearing apparel, leather goods, wood and wood products, paper and paper products, printing, publishing, manufacture of chemical and chemical products, petroleum, coal, rubber and plastic products, manufacture of iron and steel products, manufacture of fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment, etc.

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for operation of electric and gas utilities, which generate, control and distribute electric power or gas. Also included is the provision of steam and air-conditioning supply and excluded the operation of water and sewerage utilities and (typically long-distance) transport of gas through pipelines.

Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for activities related to the management (including collection, treatment and disposal) of various forms of waste. The output of the waste or sewage treatment process can either be disposed of or become an input into other production processes. Activities of water supply are also grouped in this section.

Construction refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for general construction and specialized construction activities for buildings and civil engineering works. This section also includes the development of building projects for buildings or civil engineering works by bringing together financial, technical and physical means to realize the construction projects for later sale. If these activities are carried out not for later sale of the construction projects, but for their operation (e.g. renting of space in these buildings, manufacturing activities in these plants), the unit would not be classified here, but according to its operational activity, i.e. real estate, manufacturing, etc.

Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for wholesale and retail sale (i.e. sale without transformation) of any type of goods, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. Wholesaling and retailing are the final steps in the distribution of merchandise. Also included in this section are the repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.

Accommodation and Food Service Activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of short-stay accommodation for visitors and other travellers and the provision of complete meals and drinks fit for immediate consumption.

Transportation and Storage refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for the provision of passenger or freight transport by rail, pipeline, road, water or air and associated activities such as terminal and parking facilities, cargo handling, storage, etc., including renting of transport equipment with driver or operator. Also included are postal and courier activities.

Information and Communication refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for production and distribution of information and cultural products, the provision of the means to transmit or distribute these products, as well as data or communications, information technology activities and the processing of data and other information service activities.

Financial and Insurance/Takaful Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry for financial service activities, including insurance, reinsurance, takaful, retakaful and pension funding activities, and activities to support financial services. Also includes the activities of holding assets, such as activities of holding companies and the activities of trusts, funds and similar financial entities.

Real Estate activities refer to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of selling or buying real estate, renting real estate, providing other real estate by acting as lessors, agents, brokers, or property managers. Activities in this section may be carried out on own or leased property and may be done on a fee or contract basis. Also included is the building of structures, combined with maintaining ownership or leasing of such structures.

Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of specialized professional, scientific and technical activities. These activities require a high degree of training and make specialized knowledge and skills available to users, including legal and accounting activities, activities of head offices, management consultancy activities, architecture and engineering activities, technical testing and analysis, scientific research and development, advertising and market.

Administrative and Support Service Activities refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers that support general business operations, including rental and leasing activities, employment activities, travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service activities, security and investigation activities, services to buildings and landscape activities, office administrative, office support and other business support activities.

Education, Health and Others refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in the industry of public administration and defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities; activities of households as employers of domestic personnel and undifferentiated goods and services-producing activity of private households for own use; and activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies.

Other Sector refers to sector which is not classified elsewhere in class or sub-classes under sector. Also includes loans to individual businesses.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope:
Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology:
The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.34 Financial Institutions: SME Loan/Financing by Purpose

Definition: 
Purchase of Securities refers to loans/financing granted to finance both primary and secondary market purchases of securities. Include loans granted to substitute for another loan granted previously by another party for the purchase of securities.

Purchase of Fixed Assets Other Than Land and Building refers to the purchase of fixed assets, other than land and building that are used/to be used for the business activity of the borrower. The category includes machinery and equipment for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, or for sale in the ordinary course of business, or for rental to others

Purchase of Transport Vehicles refers to loans/financing granted for the purposes of financing the purchases of motor vehicles for transportation of goods and/or passengers.

Purchase of Passenger Cars refers to loans/financing for the purchase of motor vehicles which are used primarily to carry a limited number of people, and includes multipurpose vehicles fitted to carry passengers (and not goods) but excluding buses and minibuses.

Purchase Residential Property refers to loans/financing granted for the purchase or refinancing the purchase of residential property for human dwelling purposes, of which including housing loans/financing sold to Cagamas with recourse, which were classified to RM300,000 and below, RM300,001–RM500, 000, RM500,001–RM1,000,000, and more than RM1,000,000.

Purchase Non-Residential Property refers to loans/financing granted for the purchase and refinancing of the purchase of non- residential property. Non-residential means property, which are not used for human dwelling purposes. It includes industrial buildings, factories, land, commercial complexes, warehouses, Small office/Flexible office (SoFo), Small office/Versatile office (SoVo) and other structures not meant for human dwelling.

Construction refers to loans/financing granted to finance customers in general contracting including civil engineering work, special contracting work, construction of industrial buildings and factories, construction of infrastructure, commercial complexes, residential dwellings and other construction activity.

Working Capital refers to loans/financing granted for use by a business to facilitate its daily business undertakings/transactions (for example: operating expenses, purchasing inventory, receivables financing) and is generally not for the purpose of financing the purchase of long-term assets or investments.

Other Purposes refers to purpose which is not classified elsewhere in class or sub-classes under purpose. This includes loans/financing for purpose of mergers and acquisition and further on-lending.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans/financing sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Memo item: Credit Card refers to a credit facility type instead of purpose. The data is accounted for across different purpose categories, including 'Working Capital' and 'Other Purposes', and subsequently, in the total outstanding loan/financing. Under the latest loan/financing reporting since August 2022, the data was retained to ensure availability of the data and continuity from past series, despite the structural break in the dataset. Beginning with the reporting of May 2023 data, the table format was revised to clearly reflect the category as a memorandum item separate from purpose.

Data scope:
Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology:
The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions. 

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions. 

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.35 Financial Institution: SME Loan/Financing by SME Size

Definition:
Individual for Business refers to loans/financing granted to individuals, where the purpose of the loan is limited to Purchases of Fixed Assets Other Than Land and Building, Working Capital, Purchase of Transport Vehicle (excluding Purchase of Passenger Cars).

Micro refers to loans/financing granted to Micro Enterprise. The definition of Micro shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Small refers to loans/financing granted to Small Enterprises. The definition of Small shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Medium refers to loans/financing granted to Medium Enterprises. The definition of Medium shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope:
Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology:
The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions. 

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.35.1 Financial Institution: SME Loan/Financing Applied and Approved by SME Size

Definition:
Individual for Business refers to loans/financing granted to individuals, where the purpose of the loan is limited to Purchases of Fixed Assets Other Than Land and Building, Working Capital, Purchase of Transport Vehicle (excluding Purchase of Passenger Cars).

Micro refers to loans/financing granted to Micro Enterprise. The definition of Micro shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Small refers to loans/financing granted to Small Enterprises. The definition of Small shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Medium refers to loans/financing granted to Medium Enterprises. The definition of Medium shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope:
Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology:
The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.35.2 Financial Institution: SME Loan/Financing Disbursed and Repaid by SME Size

Definition:
Individual for Business refers to loans/financing granted to individuals, where the purpose of the loan is limited to Purchases of Fixed Assets Other Than Land and Building, Working Capital, Purchase of Transport Vehicle (excluding Purchase of Passenger Cars).

Micro refers to loans/financing granted to Micro Enterprise. The definition of Micro shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Small refers to loans/financing granted to Small Enterprises. The definition of Small shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Medium refers to loans/financing granted to Medium Enterprises. The definition of Medium shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope:
Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology:
The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions.

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.35.3 Financial Institution: Impaired SME Loan/Financing by SME Size

Definition: Individual for Business refers to loans/financing granted to individuals, where the purpose of the loan is limited to Purchases of Fixed Assets Other Than Land and Building, Working Capital, Purchase of Transport Vehicle (excluding Purchase of Passenger Cars).

Micro refers to loans/financing granted to Micro Enterprise. The definition of Micro shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Small refers to loans/financing granted to Small Enterprises. The definition of Small shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Medium refers to loans/financing granted to Medium Enterprises. The definition of Medium shall refer to the national Guideline for SME Definition published by SME Corporation Malaysia.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect.

Data scope:
Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology:
The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions. 

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions.

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.

1.36 Financial Institution: SME Loan/Financing by Loan Size

Definition:
Gross Loans of < RM500,000 refers to loans/financing granted to individuals for business purposes, as well as to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), where the total loan amount is below RM500,000.

Gross Loans of RM500,000 to < RM1 million refers to loans/financing granted to individuals for business purposes, as well as to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), where the total loan amount ranges from RM500,000 to below RM1 million.

Gross Loans of RM1 million to < RM5 million refers to loans/financing granted to individuals for business purposes, as well as to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), where the total loan amount ranges from RM1 million to below RM5 million.

Gross Loans of >= RM5 million refers to loans/financing granted to individuals for business purposes, as well as to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), where the total loan amount is equal to or exceeds RM5 million.

Total loans/financing refers to outstanding gross loans/financing including housing loans sold to Cagamas. Sub-total numbers may not necessarily add up to grand total due to rounding effect

Data scope:
Data are reported by financial institutions comprising commercial banks, Islamic banks, Investment banks and Development Financial institutions (Prescribed Institution).

Compilation methodology:
The data compilation reflects only total loans and financing extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), as reported by participating financial institutions. 

Currency:
Data in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) as reported by reporting institutions.

Revision Policy:
Latest 6-month data are refreshed monthly, and 12-month data are refreshed on an annual basis in January publication (December data) in order to take into account any historical resubmission performed by reporting institutions. 

Data source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Data periodicity: Monthly
Release schedule: 1 month after end of reporting month.